Secure Prompt Engineering: A Practical Framework for Mitigating Prompt Injection and Data Leakage in LLM-based Systems

This paper proposes and empirically evaluates the Secure Prompt Engineering Framework (SPEF), a four-layer defensive architecture for mitigating prompt injection and sensitive data leakage in Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems. The framework operates entirely at the application layer and requires no access to model weights or training pipelines. A controlled experiment was conducted using Llama-3.3-70B via Groq API with 85 adversarial test cases across six attack categories. Results show that SPEF reduced the Attack Success Rate (ASR) from 17.6% to 2.4%, representing an 86.4% relative reduction. The study also contributes a methodological discussion on scorer validity in adversarial LLM evaluation and provides all artifacts as open-source resources. GitHub Repository:https://github.com/engguga/spef_experiment