Wildlife welfare and management strategies: a comprehensive review

Wildlife management has traditionally focused on population-level conservation and biodiversity preservation. However, the 21st century has seen a paradigm shift toward integrating individual animal welfare into management frameworks. This review explores the intersection of wildlife welfare and management strategies, examining how ethical considerations, technological innovations, and community-led initiatives are reshaping the field. It analyzes the challenges posed by human-wildlife conflict (HWC), the ethical dilemmas of invasive species control, and the role of modern monitoring tools in ensuring the well-being of wild populations. By synthesizing current global trends, this article advocates for a "compassionate conservation" model that balances ecological health with the moral imperative to minimize animal suffering.