Evolution of Dysphagia Rehabilitation in Japan Since the 1980s: Expanding Dental Roles in Interprofessional Care—A Narrative Review

Background/Objectives: Japan, the world’s first super-aged society, has confronted rapid population aging and increasing healthcare demands earlier than any other country. In this context, dysphagia rehabilitation has become a critical issue affecting quality of life and survival. With nearly 30% of the population aged ≥65 years, Japan has developed a distinctive dysphagia rehabilitation model characterized by interprofessional collaboration and dental involvement. This narrative review describes its historical evolution and structural characteristics. Methods: This narrative review employed a structured literature search of PubMed and Ichushi-Web, supplemented by manual searches of policy documents and professional guidelines. Publications from 1980 to January 2026 were included if they addressed dysphagia rehabilitation systems or dental involvement in Japan. Both English- and Japanese-language sources were analyzed using thematic synthesis. Results: Japan’s dysphagia rehabilitation model evolved alongside population aging and is embedded within the universal health insurance and long-term care insurance systems. A prominent characteristic is the sustained involvement of dental professionals, who contributed to the foundational development of the field and remain actively involved across care settings, particularly within community- and home-based care. The system is further supported by certification frameworks, a triadic model integrating rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral health, and institutionalized interprofessional education. Conclusions: Previous studies have examined specific aspects of dysphagia care in Japan, but few have examined the overall structure of the system. This review maps the fundamental structure of Japan’s dysphagia rehabilitation model within its historical and policy context, offering insights relevant to dysphagia care in other aging societies.