This quasi-experimental study evaluates a crisis response model to reduce mental health-related calls in EMS, suggesting operational implications.
The findings suggest that EMS-based, nonpolice crisis response programs may reduce nonviolent mental health-related EMS calls under specific operational and contextual conditions. The heterogeneous and delayed effects observed provide a benchmark for future evaluations aimed at identifying when and where these models translate into measurable, system-level change.
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Kang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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