Abstract The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and associated high endothelial venules (HEVs) in tumors is recognized as a hallmark of effective antitumor immunity. Improved prognosis and treatment outcomes across tumor stages and modalities (including immune checkpoint blockade, VEGF/PD1, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) highlight the therapeutic potential of inducing TLS and HEV in solid tumors. TLS are ectopic lymphoid structures, part of normal immune defences, that facilitate local education and activation of immune cells, which together with associated HEVs are proposed to enable a marked increase in immune cell access and activity in tumors. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTBR) activation is a critical pathway driving HEV Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts) ; 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86 (8Suppl): Abstract nr LB257.
Lewandowska et al. (Fri,) studied this question.