6-Adenine and 2-Guanine Benzenesulphonamide Derivates: Synthesis, Characterization and in Silico Anti-Inflammatory Activities Against the Crystal Structure of Acetyl Cholinesterase and the Crystal Structure of Butyrylcholinesterase

Sulphonamides are remarkable drug molecules in the fight against human diseases. The synthesis and in silico study of two benzenesulphonamide derivatives, N-(9H-purin-6-yl) benzenesulphonamide and N-(6-oxo-6, 9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl) benzenesulphonamide is reported. These derivatives were synthesized through the sulphonylation of adenine and guanine using benzenesulphonyl chloride. Structural elucidation was carried out using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectra revealed strong absorption bands confirming extended conjugated systems, while FTIR spectra identified diagnostic functional groups such as N–H, C=O, and S=O vibrations. The compounds were further subjected to in silico molecular docking against acetylcholinesterase (1ZGC) and butyrylcholinesterase (7AIY), with diclofenac serving as a standard drug. Docking results showed favorable binding affinities, with binding energies ranging from −6.6 to −7.1 kcal/mol, accompanied by stabilizing hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions within the enzyme active sites. Comparative analysis indicated that N-(6-oxo-6, 9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl) benzenesulphonamide demonstrated superior interaction profiles, making it a promising candidate for further anti-inflammatory drug development. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of purine-based sulphonamide derivatives as dual cholinesterase inhibitors with significant therapeutic applications in managing inflammation and related disorders.