Case report reveals a unique sternalis muscle variant, complicating surgery and ECG readings.
This bilateral asymmetric X-shaped sternalis variation partially conforms to the Jelev II2 classification but has distinct inferior attachment patterns. Clinically, it may mimic breast masses, interfere with electrocardiographic (ECG) readings, or complicate thoracic and breast surgery. Enhanced recognition of this variant through preoperative imaging is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and optimize clinical outcomes.
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Kong et al. (2026) studied this question.
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