Construct Validity and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability Wellness Assessment Tool

Background/Objectives: To evaluate construct (convergent and divergent) validity and conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability (NCHPAD) Wellness Assessment (NWA) tool. Methods: A cross-sectional survey validation study utilizing secondary data. We assessed Spearman correlations between NWA and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), NWA and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and NWA and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) scores to determine construct validity. A CFA was conducted to test the appropriateness of a three-factor model for NWA. Results: Data from 149 participants were used to assess construct validity and from 180 participants for CFA. Both correlations between NWA mental wellness domain and SF-36 mental component scores and between NWA emotional/spiritual wellness domain and SF-36 emotional well-being scores were 0.61 (p < 0.001 for both). The correlation between NWA physical wellness domain and SF-36 physical component score was −0.06 (p = 0.45). The correlations of NWA with GLTEQ overall and with health contribution scores were 0.26 and 0.30, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). The correlations of all NWA domain and MFIS subscale scores ranged between −0.42 and −0.25 (p < 0.05). The CFA model’s comparative fit index was 0.90. Conclusions: The NWA physical wellness domain did not demonstrate strong convergent validity, as mental and emotional/spiritual wellness domains did. All domains showed strong divergent validity, and CFA showed evidence supporting a three-factor model. Future efforts will emphasize refining and reevaluating the physical wellness domain until it achieves strong psychometric properties.