Recurrence of Bilateral Pleural Effusions in a Case of Yellow Nail Syndrome 12 Years After Surgical Pleurodesis

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by yellow dystrophic nails, lymphedema, and recurrent pleural effusions (PEs). Given its rarity, and limited understanding, few options exist for the management and follow-up of patients who suffer from PEs. While pleurodesis and decortication are effective in most cases, recurrence is still possible, although usually within weeks to months of initial intervention. We present a case of recurrent loculated PE attributed to YNS over 10 years after initial treatment, requiring repeat video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and pleurodesis.