Design and Synthesis of Insensitive Fused Triazolo-Pyrimidine-Based Energetic Materials

Nitrogen-rich fused energetic materials with extended π-conjugation are promising candidates for balancing energy and sensitivity; however, their synthesis remains challenging. Herein, a novel triazolo-pyrimidine-fused energetic compound (TPX) and its energetic salts (2-6) were rationally designed and synthesized via a facile pathway. All novel compounds exhibited insensitivity (IS > 40 J; FS > 360 N) and good thermal stability. Notably, energetic salts 3 and 4 show superior detonation performance (Dv = 8611-8613 m s⁻¹; P = 29.46-30.8 GPa), surpassing that of TATB and approaching that of RDX. Overall, these results highlight fused-ring engineering and salt formation as effective strategies for advanced HEDMs.