Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease: The role of nutrition

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles whose primary function is energy production. It does, however, operate as a regulator of several metabolic pathways other than those involved in energy production. One of these is the generation of reactive oxygen species, an imbalanced increase that causes oxidative damage. Apart from oxidative damage, disruption of the mitochondrial biogenesis cycle, which is required for long-term mitochondrial function, can be at the root of various health issues, including common diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. Many studies in the literature have yielded conclusions on the positive or negative impacts of diet type, calorie consumption, and macro and micronutrients on the structure, composition, and function of mitochondria, and the biogenesis process. Some of these findings are associated with disease pathogenesis, while others are associated with improved health and a prolonged lifespan. The purpose of this review is to assess the positive and negative effects of nutrition on mitochondrial function. In this context, various chronic diseases, severe illnesses, aging, and muscle health are examined in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction and nutrition. At the same time, the concept of epigenetics was mentioned while researching the relationship between mitochondrial structure and function, and nutrition.