Optimized Smoke Removal Sprinkler for Fire Safety

Smoke and toxic gas inhalation account for 60–70% of global fire-related fatalities, yet conventional sprinklers, while effective at suppressing flames, fail to remove these hazards and can worsen smoke logging. We developed a fire smoke removal sprinkler that applies the Bernoulli and Venturi effects to actively draw in and expel smoke during water discharge. Its geometry was optimized through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and validated by controlled experiments. In toxic gas tests, the system reduced ammonia (NH₃) concentration by 80% within 60 s—1.5 times faster than a standard sprinkler. The results demonstrate enhanced evacuation visibility, reduced asphyxiation risk, and potential prevention of backdraft and flashover in real fire scenarios. A new sprinkler quickly clears smoke and toxic gases during fires, improving visibility and safety.