Toward the “New Normal”: A Systematic Review of Remote Work and Implications for Human Resource Development (HRD)

This systematic review synthesizes conceptual and empirical research on remote work within Human Resource Development (HRD) to clarify how it has been defined, theorized, and examined. The review also identifies barriers, challenges, and success factors shaped by technological demands, boundary-management complexities, relational dynamics, and the organizational supports necessary for effective implementation. Further, across the literature, remote work yields diverse outcomes related to performance, engagement, psychological well-being, social connection, learning, and career growth. These findings demonstrate that remote work is not a uniform practice but a multidimensional configuration shaped by relational, technological, and organizational conditions. Building on these insights, the review outlines future research directions and practical implications for supporting effective, equitable, and sustainable remote work within HRD.