"Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Promoting Sustainable Agribusiness in the Indian Economy: Special Reference to Maharashtra State"

The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into agricultural systems has ushered in transformative opportunities for enhancing productivity, sustainability, and resilience in agribusiness. In the context of the Indian economy, and particularly Maharashtra State a major contributor to national agricultural output AI driven innovations are becoming pivotal in addressing long standing challenges such as climate variability, resource inefficiency, postharvest losses, supply chain fragmentation, and limited market access for smallholder farmers. This paper explores the emerging role of AI technologies including machine learning, computer vision, predictive analytics, and IoT enabled smart systems in fostering sustainable agribusiness practices that align with environmental, economic, and social sustainability objectives. Drawing on mixed-method research that combines secondary data analysis, policy review, and case studies from pilot AI initiatives in Maharashtra, the study demonstrates how AI applications such as precision farming, crop disease diagnosis, yield prediction models, automated irrigation systems, and digital marketplaces have contributed to improved crop performance, optimized input use, reduced carbon footprint, and enhanced profitability for stakeholders across the agricultural value chain. The research further examines institutional mechanisms, government programs (e.g., Digital India, PM-FBIS), and public-private partnerships that have catalysed AI adoption in rural agrarian settings. Despite notable progress, barriers such as inadequate digital infrastructure, data quality issues, skill gaps among farmers, and regulatory concerns persist. The paper concludes by proposing a strategic framework for scaling AI adoption in Maharashtra’s agribusiness ecosystem. This includes strengthening farm-level digital literacy, integrating AI with existing agricultural extension services, incentivizing local innovation ecosystems, and ensuring inclusive access for small and marginal farmers. The findings underscore that responsible and context-sensitive deployment of AI can significantly advance sustainable agribusiness, contribute to rural livelihoods, and support India’s broader goals of food security and climate-smart agriculture.