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Narrative review highlights the influence of violence on menopausal symptoms and timing in women, suggesting essential interventions.
Highlights Violence against women is associated with the burden of menopausal symptoms and worsens quality of life. Exposure to violence is linked to earlier menopause and possible primary ovarian insufficiency. Neuroendocrine dysregulation and epigenetic modifications may explain symptom severity and timing. Trauma-informed care and integrated interventions are essential in midlife health. Research gaps include longitudinal studies and standardised measures of exposure.
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Mendoza et al. (2026) studied this question.
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