What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a scalable and purification-free direct recycling process for high-Ni NMC532 cathodes from end-of-life batteries.

Scalable Direct Recycling of NMC532 From End‐of‐Life Batteries via Physical Separation and Solid‐State Relithiation

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Demonstrates a direct recycling process for NMC532 cathodes, indicating a low-carbon and performance-efficient method.

To develop a scalable and purification-free direct recycling process for high-Ni NMC532 cathodes from end-of-life batteries.
Commercial NMC532/graphite pouch cells were shredded and wet-sieved.
Electrostatic and magnetic separation isolated cathode-rich fractions.
Solid-state relithiation was performed at 800°C using recycled Li2CO3.
Recovered ≈90 wt% cathode active material with >98 wt% purity.
Demonstrated comparable specific capacities to pristine NMC532 with stable cycling.
Life cycle assessment showed a 15% lower carbon footprint compared to using virgin Li2CO3.

Sita et al. (2026) studied this question.

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