What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop a synchronized risk assessment framework for maritime autonomous ships (MASS) that captures new hazards not addressed by traditional methods.

April 22, 2026Journal of Marine Science and EngineeringOpen Access

A Parallel STPA–FTA Risk Assessment Framework for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: Development and Case Study Application

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The aim is to develop a synchronized risk assessment framework for maritime autonomous ships (MASS) that captures new hazards not addressed by traditional methods.
Developed a parallel risk assessment framework combining STPA and FTA.
Conducted a case study with a Degree of Autonomy 3 short-sea freight vessel in a North Sea traffic environment.
Analyzed interactions within the shared system architecture to trace hazards and failure events.
Identified key accident pathways related to perception degradation and communication disturbances.
Demonstrated enhanced safety assessment capabilities when integrating STPA and FTA.
Highlighted systemic control deficiencies linked to potential accident propagation.

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Implication

Integration of STPA and FTA improves safety assessment of autonomous ships, addressing unique hazards.

Cite This Study

Voutzoulidis et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e865d76e0dea528ddea49e https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14080748

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A Parallel STPA–FTA Risk Assessment Framework for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: Development and Case Study Application

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Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

A Parallel STPA–FTA Risk Assessment Framework for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: Development and Case Study Application

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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