Tests reveal Clausius-Mossotti potential improves binding energy predictions in hydrogen-like ions, indicating greater accuracy.
The CM metric's Klein-Gordon equation produces a derived potential V = μ²(W^(-1/3) − 1), where W = (1−β²)/(1+2β²). This single closed-form function automatically includes relativistic corrections to all orders. Tested against measured 1s binding energies for 23 hydrogen-like ions (Z = 1 to 92): CM beats Coulomb in 21/23 cases. Average error: Coulomb 2.05%, CM 0.54%, Dirac 0.38%. Heavy atoms (Z > 26): Coulomb 4.5% → CM 1.1% (4× improvement). Uranium: Coulomb 12.6% → CM 0.6% (20× improvement). Five spin correction variants tested — every correction makes it worse, confirming spin-orbit is already included non-perturbatively. CM closes 90% of the Coulomb-to-Dirac accuracy gap. No free parameters. Paper 2026u in the Speed Gap (CM) Framework series.
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Mandeep Singh (2026) studied this question.
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