This work demonstrates enhanced hydrogen generation from seawater using novel Zr3+-ZrO2@g-C3N4 structures, implying significant advancements in photocatalytic efficiency.
Solar light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation from seawater can enable sustainable fuel conversion and contribute to decarbonizing energy systems. However, seawater photocatalysis still faces inherent efficiency bottlenecks that demand further exploration. This work develops grain-like Zr³⁺-ZrO₂ and Pt single atom (Pt SA)-modified step scheme (S-scheme) Zr³⁺-ZrO₂@g-C₃N₄ heterostructures for seawater hydrogen generation under visible-light irradiation. Experimental results demonstrate that the synthesized Pt SA/Zr³⁺-ZrO₂@g-C₃N₄ heterostructures markedly enhanced charge separation and substantially boosted seawater photocatalytic hydrogen production, due to synergistic Pt SA effects and S-scheme electron transfer pathways. The Pt SA/Zr³⁺-ZrO₂@g-C₃N₄ heterojunction achieved a maximum hydrogen evolution rate of approximately 15683.80 µmol g⁻¹, which was 4.68 times of Pt NPs/Zr³⁺-ZrO₂@g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, 9.16 times of Pt NPs/g-C₃N₄, and 1041.97 times of Pt NPs/Zr³⁺-ZrO₂ sample, and maintained a good photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance even after five photocatalytic hydrogen evolution cycles. Turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) were approximately 105.19 and 35.06 h⁻¹, respectively. Finally, a plausible S-scheme charge transfer mechanism of Pt SA/Zr³⁺-ZrO₂@g-C₃N₄ heterojunction was suggested for hydrogen generation from seawater splitting.
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Sun et al. (2026) studied this question.
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