What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to evaluate long-term survival and cure fractions in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy using mixture cure models.

April 22, 2026

Long-term survival and cure fraction in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma under immunotherapy in randomized controlled trials and real-world data

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate long-term survival and cure fractions in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy using mixture cure models.
Analyzed phase 3 randomized trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced HCC.
Reconstructed Kaplan-Meier survival curves for treatment groups.
Estimated long-term survivors and cure fractions using mixture cure models.
In the HIMALAYA trial, long-term survival was 12.8% for durvalumab-tremelimumab versus 5.2% for sorafenib.
CheckMate9DW demonstrated a long-term survival of 8.7% for nivolumab-ipilimumab versus 4.1% for sorafenib/lenvatinib.
Long-term survival among a clinical cohort treated with atezolizumab-bevacizumab reached 12.3% with a cure fraction of 7.9%.

Abstract

Abstract Background cure fraction was not assessable.In CheckMate9DW (median follow-up: 35.2 month), long-term survival was 8.7% (95%CI:0.2–81.3%) versus 4.1% (95%CI:0.1-66.1%) and cure fractions were 17.8% (95%CI:12.0–25.8%) versus 3.5% (95%CI:0.7–16.7%) for nivolumab-ipilimumab and sorafenib/lenvatinib respectively with long-term OS estimates remaining exploratory due to limited late numbers at risk.In RATIONALE-301, long-term survival was 25.2% (95%CI:19.2-32.2) with tislelizumab versus 15.4% (95%CI: 10.0-22.8) with sorafenib. IMbrave150 trial was not analyzed due to insufficient follow-up (15.6 months). Among a clinical cohort of 1581 patients treated by atezolizumab-bevacizumab (median follow-up: 34.7 months), long-term survival was 12.3% (95%CI:9.3-16.1%) and cure fraction 7.9% (95%CI:6.3-9.8%). In 1187 patients meeting IMbrave150 criteria, long-term survival reached 15.4% (95%CI:10.6-18.5%) and cure fraction 9.1% (95%CI:7.3-11.4%).ALBI score, and hepatitis C predicted long-term survival and albumin and hepatitis C predicted cure. Conclusion: Across trials and real-world data, ICIs combinations achieve long-term survival in 10–15% of advanced HCC patients, with cure fractions of 7–9%.

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Cite This Study

Campani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e866f16e0dea528ddeb3cb https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-25-4943

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