Prospective association between handgrip strength and cardiac structure and function in UK adults

Figures

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  Fig 1. Study population.

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  Fig 2. Association between baseline handgrip strength and cardiac structure and function by age, adjusted for all covariates. The figure shows the association between baseline handgrip strength and the cardiac outcome parameters by age after adjustment for all covariates. Intervals of baseline handgrip strength were chosen to closely represent one standard deviation with a mean at approximately 35 kg. Error bars represent 95% CI. Baseline handgrip strength has a stronger association with LVEDV and LVSV among younger individuals and a stronger association with LVM and LVMVR among older individuals. HGS, handgrip strength; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVSV, left ventricular stroke volume; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMVR, left ventricular mass to volume ratio.

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  Fig 3. Association between baseline handgrip strength and the difference in cardiac structure and function by age, adjusted for all covariates. The figure shows the difference in each cardiac outcome parameter per one standard deviation increase in baseline handgrip strength by age after adjustment for all covariates. Error bars represent 95% CI. Baseline handgrip strength has a stronger association with LVEDV and LVSV among younger individuals and a stronger association with LVM and LVMVR among older individuals. LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVSV, left ventricular stroke volume; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMVR, left ventricular mass to volume ratio.