Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Frank B. Cross, Emerson H. Tiller, Judicial Partisanship and Obedience to Legal Doctrine: Whistleblowing on the Federal Courts of Appeals, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 107, No. 7 (May, 1998), pp. 2155-2176
Cross et al. (Fri,) studied this question.