Version 6.0 reveals a substrate model outperforming dark matter in galactic rotation curve analysis, indicating new physics.
Version 3.0: A substrate-based phenomenological alternative to cold dark matter in which the dark matter signal is modeled as the energy maintenance budget of a pre-existing 2D spatial substrate. Using four global parameters (lambda=0.1, kappa=2.0, grid=256, layers=8) and zero per-galaxy tuning, we classify 175 SPARC rotation curve galaxies into six physically distinct substrate interaction states. On 29 representative galaxies, BCM achieves a mean reduced chi-squared of 42.1 compared to NFW's 92.1 (two fitted parameters per galaxy) and MOND's 1630.4. The framework generates falsifiable predictions for IceCube/KM3NeT neutrino flavor gradients, Betelgeuse tachocline recovery, and binary mass transfer rates. All code and data: https://github.com/Joy4joy4all/Burdick-Crag-Mass Version 4.0: Preprint presenting a substrate wave model for galactic rotation curves using four frozen global parameters and zero per-galaxy tuning. Reduced chi-squared comparison against NFW and MOND on 29 SPARC galaxies: BCM wins 13/29 (mean χ²=42.1 vs NFW 92.1), dominates massive bracket 7/12 (avg χ²=62.7 vs NFW 241.8). MOND wins 0/29. The substrate maintenance luminosity scales as L_ν ~ v_max^3.9, independently recovering the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (L ~ v^4; Tully & Fisher 1977) from the same frozen parameters — this scaling was not an input. All 29 galaxies remain sub-Eddington (max L_ν/L_Edd < 6×10⁻⁴). Predicted neutrino flux exceeds IceCube point-source sensitivity by 2-5 orders of magnitude for galaxies within 20 Mpc. All code and data publicly available on GitHub. Included, v1.0 and v2.0 drafts Version 5.0: Adds Einstein coupling (stress-energy tensor T_μν derived from physical velocity excess, Newtonian limit 4/5 PASS, conservation 10⁻²⁰, substrate enclosed mass 10⁷-10¹² M☉), null pump proof (σ→0.000000 without SMBH injection, 5/5 ESSENTIAL), and boundary dynamics (three substrate regimes: diffusive healing 0.99987, coherence failure 0.742, boundary nonlinear 38×; σ_crit saturation limit discovered; Alpha Centauri 8/8 stable; Π = σ_edge/σ_crit control parameter). Covers v1-v24 results. Full chi-squared comparison (13/29 BCM wins, mean χ²=42.1 vs NFW 92.1), neutrino flux prediction (L_ν ~ v^3.9 Tully-Fisher recovery), and falsifiable predictions including $225 benchtop device. Version 6.0: Paper A of the Burdick Crag Mass (BCM) framework, version 6.0. This update presents results from the complete 175-galaxy SPARC rotation curve sample, replacing the 29-galaxy representative analysis in v5. Headline results: BCM beats Newtonian baryonic fits on 130 of 175 galaxies (74.3%). BCM beats MOND on 172 of 175 galaxies (98.3%). Mean reduced chi-squared: Newton 157.6, MOND 1122.6, BCM 63.1. Median reduced chi-squared: Newton 51.6, MOND 343.9, BCM 17.7. Parameter count: BCM uses four frozen global parameters (lambda=0.1, kappa_BH=2.0, grid=256, layers=8) plus one amplitude coefficient per galaxy. An ablation study confirms the per-galaxy amplitude carries real physical information: a single global amplitude fit (1 parameter total) performs 13.8x worse than per-galaxy fitting, and an unscaled fit (0 parameters) fails catastrophically. BCM's parameter count (1 per galaxy) sits between NFW dark matter halos (2 per galaxy) and MOND (1 global). Tully-Fisher exponent stability: Full-sample alpha = 3.42 with 95% confidence interval [3.03, 3.88], consistent with classical baryonic Tully-Fisher. Bracket-stratified bootstrap (1000 resamples) reveals substantial scale-dependence: the relation breaks down at the massive bracket (v_max > 200 km/s, alpha = -0.29, CI fully below classical). This scale-dependent transition motivates a theoretical extension in a forthcoming companion paper. Paper A's claims do not depend on that extension. Content retained from v5: six-class substrate taxonomy, Einstein coupling with stress-energy tensor T_mu_nu, null pump proof (sigma to zero without SMBH injection, 5 of 5 essential), boundary dynamics with sigma_crit saturation clamp, three perturbation regimes, Pi = sigma_edge over sigma_crit control parameter, binary stellar dynamics on Alpha Centauri, HR 1099, and Spica, and falsifiable predictions for IceCube/KM3NeT flavor gradients, Betelgeuse tachocline recovery (2030-2031), and a 225 dollar benchtop device. Production run: 175 galaxies at grid=256 with 25000 integration steps per galaxy, 148.6 minutes wall time on a single NVIDIA GPU. Source data: BCM_v26_Tully_Fisher_Amplitude_Scaling_Ablation (Test 2 revision 6) and BCM_v26_Tully_Fisher_Exponent_Stability (Test 4), both completed 2026-04-21 and referenced by timestamp in the paper. All theoretical concepts, experimental design, and originating insights belong solely to Stephen Justin Burdick Sr. AI systems (Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini) were used strictly as computational processing tools at the direction of the Foreman. Emerald Entities LLC — GIBUSH Systems.
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Stephen Justin Senior Burdick (2026) studied this question.
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