Enzyme production by Trichoderma koningiopsis in an airlift bioreactor: potential for sustainable and circular bioproducts

economy highlight the search for more efficient processes with lower environmental impacts. In this context, this study investigated the production of an enzyme-rich fungal extract obtained from Trichoderma koningiopsis, a species known for its high enzyme excretion capacity, widely explored in scientific research focused on agronomic and environmental applications. The enzyme-rich fungal extract was obtained through submerged fermentation in a chemically defined culture medium, using an Airlift bioreactor, with samples collected at 24 and 48 hours for subsequent analysis of enzymatic activity. The enzymes amylase, cellulase, laccase, protease, lipase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were evaluated, with noteworthy results observed within the first 24 hours of fermentation: amylase (209.55 U/mL), cellulase (23.34 U/mL), protease (139.77 U/mL), peroxidase (609.55 U/mL), catalase (3,598.82 U/mL), superoxide dismutase (333.51 U/mL), and ascorbate peroxidase (53.34 U/mL). Enzymatic activity (U/mL) represented the primary parameter, and specific activity (U/mg protein) was additionally calculated to support a purity assessment. These findings demonstrate an enzyme-rich fungal extract with high biotechnological potential, offering purification and future applications in sectors such as bioprocesses, bioremediation, and other environmental solutions, thereby contributing to sustainable circular-economy strategies and supporting the future development of biocomposite-based formulations.