Examining Influencing Parameters for Unsignalized Intersection Capacity: Integrating Structural Equation Models in Tier II Cities

The safety of motorists and pedestrians, and even the efficient management of traffic flow, are key concerns at unsignalized intersections. The present study examines the influential factors affecting the capacity evaluation of unsignalized intersections in Tier II cities in eastern India. A novel approach, the structural equation model (SEM), is employed to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships of various parameters on capacity assessment. The analysis revealed that the intersection’s conflict area and the approach lanes’ dimensions significantly influence drivers’ gap acceptance criteria when crossing. Notably, a strong positive effect of conflicting flow volume is observed in the capacity model. The study indicates that enhancing intersection design could improve driving behavior near the conflict area, allowing vehicular volume in that zone to proceed without hassle. The heterogeneous traffic volume at intersections introduces variability in the gap acceptance parameter, which therefore has a minimal direct effect on capacity. The models’ suitability is confirmed through R2, and their goodness of fit is validated by a lower standard root mean square residual (SRMR) value. The findings may support urban transport planners in developing a schematic plan for designing infrastructure that would ensure a congestion-free intersection in emerging smart cities of a developing nation.