The role of Annenxin A1 in predicting the severity and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in children

Background Annexin A1 (ANXA1) plays a critical role in numerous cellular processes, such as endocytosis and exocytosis, signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and cytoskeletal remodeling. This work aimed to measure ANXA1 serum levels for children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to evaluate its potential role as a predictive biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcomes in this patient population. Patients and methods This prospective case-control study involved 100 children with CAP, ranging in age from 1 month to 18 years. Two equally sized groups of patients were formed: group 1: patients with CAP and group 2: children of same age and sex who seem to be in good health. Results ANXA1 levels showed significant positive correlations with several vital signs and inflammatory markers P less than 0.05, suggesting an association with acute physiological stress and systemic inflammation. Higher ANXA1 was linked to increased respiratory index of severity in children scores and reduced oxygen saturation. Strong positive correlations were observed with Total leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while platelet count correlated weakly and positively and mean corpuscular hemoglobin weakly and negatively: demographic factors and duration of hospitalization. Conclusions Elevated ANXA1 levels are associated with increased severity and risk of complications in pediatric CAP. ANXA1 at hospital admission provided valuable prognostic information and can help guide treatment intensity and potentially prevent disease progression.