Valuation at a crossroads: From resistance to integration of human-digital systems in the profession

The valuation profession is undergoing rapid technological change as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and automation using tools such as LiDAR and drones reshape property assessment. The chapter argues that effective integration relies on balancing three frameworks: augmented professionalism, where technology supports rather than replaces expert judgement; socio-technical systems theory, which links adoption to institutional context; and algorithmic accountability, which ensures transparency and responsibility in automated decisions. With real estate comprising 60% of global wealth, these shifts call for complementarity between human expertise and technology, grounded in ethical and professional standards.