Personal safety has become a critical concern in modern society due to the increasing rate of crimes and emergency situations. This paper presents a Human Safety Device that integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technology with dual communication systems, namely GSM-based SMS alerts and Telegram-based real-time notifications, to ensure reliable emergency response. The system is built using an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced with a GPS module for location tracking, a pulse sensor for heart rate monitoring, and an MPU6050 sensor for motion detection. In emergency conditions, triggered manually via a panic button or automatically through abnormal sensor readings, the system captures and transmits location and health data to predefined contacts. Experimental evaluation shows that the system achieves an average alert response time of 3–5 seconds for Telegram notifications and 5–10 seconds for GSM-based SMS delivery. The GPS module provides location accuracy within ±5–10 meters, while sensor readings maintain an accuracy of approximately 95% under normal conditions. Additionally, a web-based interface enables real-time monitoring and visualization of user data. The proposed system is compact, cost-effective, and highly reliable, making it suitable for real-world deployment in personal safety applications.
Siddiqui et al. (Thu,) studied this question.