Determination of Phytochemical and Bioactive Compounds From Musa balbisiana Pseudostem Extract by LC‐MS and NMR Analysis

The pseudostem of Musa balbisiana is often considered an agricultural waste, although it contains lots of biological compounds and has not been effectively exploited. This study aimed to investigate the secondary chemical composition of pseudostem juice and isolate and identify the main compound in the purified fraction. Phytochemical screening reveals that the pseudostem juice of M. balbisiana has polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Of which, polyphenols and saponins accounted for a higher amount than other active ingredients, with contents of 26.04 mg GAE/gDM (total polyphenol content, TPC) and 20.61 mg/gDM (total saponin content, TSC), respectively. FT‐IR and Raman spectra recorded the functional groups and aromatic ring systems characteristic of polyphenols and saponins. LC–MS analysis (positive and negative ion mode) predicted the presence of several bioactive compounds, such as gallic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acid, and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, belonging to the polyphenol and saponin groups. The extract was fractionated, purified, and analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, thereby identifying gallic acid as the major compound in the purified fraction. These results illustrate the bioactive properties of M. balbisiana pseudostem, suggesting that it is a valuable natural resource for the development of functional foods and medicinal products of plant origin.