Study on Influencing Factors for Short-Term Symptom Resolution After Reinforced Radiculoplasty for Sacral Cysts: Focus on Bladder–Bowel Dysfunction

Background/Objectives: Reinforced radiculoplasty (RRP) is effective for symptomatic sacral cysts, yet postoperative recovery varies significantly. This study aimed to systematically identify preoperative predictors of delayed short-term symptomatic recovery, with a specific focus on the prognostic impact of concomitant bladder–bowel dysfunction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 148 consecutive patients who underwent RRP. Comprehensive clinical, high-resolution imaging, and detailed surgical data were collected. The primary outcome was defined as symptom resolution within 9 months postoperatively. Independent prognostic factors were identified using univariate and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Short-term symptom resolution was achieved in 86 patients (58.1%). Multivariate analysis identified three independent risk factors for prolonged recovery: a history of prior cyst surgery (OR 8.389, 95% CI 2.328–30.230), multi-segment cyst involvement (OR 2.682, 95% CI 1.066–6.744), and preoperative bladder–bowel dysfunction (OR 7.859, 95% CI 3.478–17.759). The predictive model demonstrated good discriminative ability (sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 61.3%). Conclusions: Prior surgical history, multi-segment cyst involvement, and preoperative bladder–bowel dysfunction are independent predictors of delayed short-term recovery after RRP for sacral cysts.