Key result
Higher dietary glycaemic load is linked to sex-specific atherogenic dyslipidaemia.
Why the study?
The relationship of carbohydrate nutrition and selected food groups with plasma lipids in middle-aged adults with normal or impaired glucose tolerance was evaluated to clarify their associations.
Does higher dietary carbohydrate intake and glycaemic load affect fasting plasma lipid levels in middle-aged adults with normal or impaired glucose tolerance?
Cross-Sectional (n=1,026)
Does higher dietary carbohydrate intake and glycaemic load affect fasting plasma lipid levels in middle-aged adults with normal or impaired glucose tolerance?
Higher dietary carbohydrate intake and glycaemic load are associated with an adverse fasting lipid profile, including higher LDL in men and higher triglycerides in women.
Should not yet alter dietary counseling for dyslipidemia in insulin resistance; leaves open causality of glycemic load on plasma lipids.
AIMS: We evaluated the relationship of carbohydrate nutrition and selected food groups with lipids using data from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS Exam I, 1992-1994). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1026 middle-aged adults with normal or impaired glucose tolerance had complete data on fasting lipids and usual dietary intake from an interviewer-administered, validated food frequency questionnaire. Published glycaemic index (GI) values were assigned to food items and average dietary GI and glycaemic load (GL) were calculated per participant. Intake of carbohydrates differed by gender, men consuming more absolute digestible carbohydrates with higher GI and GL than women. In multivariate models adjusting for energy intake, in men, GL and carbohydrates were associated positively with total and LDL cholesterol, and inversely with HDL. In women, associations were limited to triglycerides. We estimated that a 100 g higher intake in GL or carbohydrates was associated with a 7-8 mg/dL higher total or LDL cholesterol level in men, and a 13-17 mg/dL higher triglyceride level in women. In the combined sample, GL and carbohydrates were consistently associated with all lipid levels and GI was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the importance of carbohydrate nutrition for plasma lipids.
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Liese et al. (2006) conducted a cross-sectional in normal or impaired glucose tolerance (n=1,026). Dietary carbohydrate intake and glycaemic load vs. Lower intake was evaluated on Fasting plasma lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides). Higher dietary glycaemic load and carbohydrate intake were associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol in men (7-8 mg/dL per 100g) and higher triglycerides in women (13-17 mg/dL per 100g).