The article considers the possibility of integrating outdoor and indoor threedimensional models of buildings to solve various problems, including information modeling and the creation of “digital twins”. An analytical review of methods for creating three-dimensional models of objects and territories is provided. The paper proposes a technological scheme for the main stages of building a three-dimensional model of terrain objects based on unmanned aerial vehicle photography, groundbased stereo photography of the facade and indoor model. A mathematical apparatus for combining two three-dimensional models made in different coordinate systems into a single 3D model is described. The article presents results of photogrammetric processing of aerial stereo photography, ground-based photography of building facades with a smartphone camera (build of a base model), and photography of the interior space of a building (indoor model) with a Sony Alpha ILCE-6000 camera. The indoor model can be combined with the base model using reference points measured with a total station. Combined 3D model according to the presented methodology can be used in carrying out restoration work, tasks of “seamless” navigation, and tasks of civil defense and emergency situations.
Arbuzov et al. (Fri,) studied this question.