Competency-Based Standardized Residency Training in Interventional Radiology in China: Framework Construction, Challenges, and Future Directions

In the context of China's ongoing health care reform, standardized residency training in Interventional Radiology (IR) is undergoing a transformation from procedure-based instruction to competency-oriented education. This article provides a narrative overview of the current structure of IR residency programs, identifies key challenges in curriculum design, faculty development, and quality assurance, and proposes a competency-based framework that aligns training objectives, content modules, teaching methods, assessment criteria, and evaluation mechanisms. The proposed model aims to enhance clinical competency, promote training consistency, and establish a sustainable foundation for the long-term development of IR education in China.