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April 25, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Keynes's logical, probability relation is not mysterious, Platonic, unusual, spooky, mystical, true, or mystic. It is Boolean

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MBMichael Emmett Brady

Key Points

  • The research aims to clarify the logical nature of Keynes's probability framework, contrasting it with Platonic interpretations.
  • Analysis of historical arguments by Boole and Ramsey regarding logical relations
  • Examination of the interpretation of Keynes's A Treatise on Probability
  • Review of implications in various fields influenced by misinterpretation
  • Demonstrates that Keynes’s logical framework is not metaphysical but Boolean in nature.
  • Identifies a significant misinterpretation lasting over a century across multiple disciplines.
  • Clarifies that previous views align with speculative logic rather than factual evidence-based reasoning.

Abstract

Abstract F P Ramsey never understood what a relational, propositional (or statement or sentential) logic was. Boole was the first to characterize such a logical system as being an argument form that was composed of propositions containing evidence that specified premises that were not demonstrative and conclusion(s) that were related to this evidence contained in the premises. On pp.7-8 of his The Laws of Thought (1854), Boole stated that the conclusion was internally related (logically connected) to the premises. It was F P Ramsey who constantly insisted that Keynes’s argument form was, instead, related to Platonic, speculative, metaphysical relations, as used by Moore in his Platonic Intuitionism, where the proposition (not propositions) was a self-evident, metaphysical intuition that was true. This has led to a disastrous 105-year detour in the fields of economics, philosophy, psychology, social science, behavioral science and history, that has nothing to do with Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability and the logical theory of probability presented in it.

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Cite This Study

Michael Emmett Brady (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ec5b0688ba6daa22dac849https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19703355
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Ramsey’s 1923 “Induction: Keynes and Wittgenstein”, Paralyzed the Study of Keynes’s Theory of Logical Probability for Over 100 Years2024
  2. 2F P Ramsey's confusion about Keynes's use of a relational, propositional logic and first order (predicate) logic2026
  3. 3Comparing John von Neumann's assessment of Keynes's logical theory of probability with that of F P Ramsey2026
  4. 4On Ramsey’s Rejection of Keynes’s Mathematical Lattice Structure and Interval Valued Probabilities in the A Treatise on Probability2024
  5. 5Why is Clive Bell, an Artist with no Training in Logic, Mathematics, Statistics or Probability, being cited as an Expert on J M Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability?2024