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This research aims to assess the performance of 3D pixel silicon sensors for the CMS Phase-2 Inner Tracker under high radiation fluence.

April 25, 2026Open Access

Evaluation of 3D pixel silicon sensors for the CMS Phase-2 Inner Tracker

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Randomized trial evaluates hit detection efficiency of 3D pixel silicon sensors, suggesting improved performance after irradiation.

This research aims to assess the performance of 3D pixel silicon sensors for the CMS Phase-2 Inner Tracker under high radiation fluence.
Extensive research and development program conducted with FBK and CNM foundries.
Beam test experiments performed on sensors before and after irradiation up to 2.6 x 10^16 n_eq/cm^2.
Evaluated hit detection efficiency across varying bias voltage levels.
Hit detection efficiency exceeds 96% at normal incidence before irradiation with fewer than 2% channels masked.
No significant performance drop observed after irradiation to 1.6 x 10^16 n_eq/cm^2 over a bias voltage range of 30 V.
Sensors remained well within CMS performance requirements throughout testing.

CMS Collaboration (2026) studied this question.

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