N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in adipose tissue: role, regulation, and therapeutic potential

Adipose tissue, is a core regulator of metabolic homeostasis, whose dysfunction plays a crucial role in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Additionally, the browning of adipose tissue is important for thermogenesis and metabolic processes. In recent years, the RNA epigenetic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to dynamically regulate adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and intercellular communication, playing a functional role in adipose tissue development and metabolic reprogramming. This review systematically summarizes the role and mechanism of m6A modification in lipolysis, adipocyte differentiation, and thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue. Furthermore, we discuss how m6A modification influences adipose tissue inflammation through regulating immune cells. Moreover, we also discuss small molecules targeting m6A modification in adipose tissue and m6A editing systems, which are closely related to the translational application of m6A modification in metabolic diseases. These findings not only refine the detailed molecular map of m6A and its role in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue but also provide new insights and potential targets for precise interventions in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.