Compared with other construction operations, high-altitude operations are more dangerous. Falling from a height is the main type of accident in construction. It is important to study the human risk of falling from height to reduce falling accidents. Based on the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) model, a preliminary evaluation index system for fall risk in building construction was established. Through the Delphi method and sensitivity analysis, the initial indicators were screened, the index factors that did not meet the requirements were removed, and the final human risk index evaluation system was determined. The system includes five first-level indicators and 17 s-level indicators of organizational influence, unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe behavior, and unsafe behavior. Subsequently, the analytic network process–entropy weight method (ANP-EWM) is used to subjectively and objectively weight the evaluation indicators, and the combined weight is obtained through game theory. The matter–element extension model is constructed to evaluate the human risk of falling from height in construction. Finally, an empirical analysis is carried out with the Y project as a case study. The novelty of this study lies in integrating human-factor analysis with the matter–element extension model for fall risk assessment in construction, while combining ANP, the entropy weight method, and game theory to balance subjective and objective weighting. The proposed model provides a practical tool for evaluating and controlling human risk in high-altitude construction operations. The results show that the correlation degree calculated according to the matter–element extension model is K4 = 3.5, and the human risk of falling from height in the construction of Y project has generally reached an excellent level. However, the evaluation level of some evaluation indexes is still low, which is consistent with the actual situation of construction enterprises in Y project. This model provides a direction for the study of human risk assessment of falling from different construction heights.
Liu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.