Systematic review explores gut microbiota's role in tic disorders, suggesting the need for improved research quality.
Gut microbiota may contribute to TD pathogenesis via immune modulation and neurotransmitter metabolism. While microbiota-based strategies show promise, heterogeneity and methodological limitations in current studies necessitate further high-quality research to validate mechanisms and support clinical application.
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Cao et al. (2026) studied this question.
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