Development of an Automatic Microclimate Control System for the Storage Area of a Customs Terminal

<ns0:p>The article addresses a relevant scientific and technical problem of improving the efficiency of customs terminal operations in Ukraine under post-pandemic challenges, in particular ensuring proper microclimate parameters in warehouse facilities. The necessity of implementing automatic control systems to maintain temperature, humidity, and air quality in order to preserve goods and ensure safe working conditions for personnel is substantiated. An analysis of modern approaches to the automation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is carried out, and their limitations in the specific conditions of customs facilities are identified. A functional automation scheme for a supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery has been developed, and a mathematical model of the temperature regime of a customs terminal building based on heat balance equations has been created. Based on simulation modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, a digital control system with a PI controller has been synthesized and its parameters have been determined. The study shows that the proposed system provides stable and accurate control without overshoot and steady-state error, as well as effective maintenance of air quality. The asymptotic stability of the system has been confirmed using the Jury criterion, and its practical feasibility has been demonstrated. A comprehensive technical solution based on a modern programmable logic controller (PLC110) is proposed, ensuring high signal processing resolution and reliability under industrial conditions. The practical significance of the work is emphasized by the development of a human–machine interface (HMI) for remote monitoring, which ensures transparency of logistics processes and enables prompt intervention by personnel. The simulation results and techno-economic calculations demonstrate that the implementation of the proposed system reduces energy consumption for microclimate maintenance by 15–20% while simultaneously improving the accuracy of parameter stabilization. The obtained results can be used for the modernization of customs infrastructure and the implementation of digital systems for monitoring and controlling the microclimate in warehouse facilities.Received 2026-03-18Accepted 2026-04-16</ns0:p>