Electronic Structure-Engineered Vanadium Carbide MXene Nanocatalyst Enables Multimodal Reactive Species Scavenging for Stem Cell Regulation

Efficient modulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is essential for restoring redox homeostasis and preserving stem cell functionality, yet it remains a major challenge in stem cell-based therapies. Here, we report an electronically coupled vanadium-based MXene nanocatalyst that leverages engineered platinum nanoparticles-MXene (Pt/V₂C) interfacial interactions to achieve broad-spectrum ROS/RNS scavenging with markedly enhanced catalytic kinetics. The electronic modulation introduced through Pt anchoring increases active-site accessibility, accelerates electron transfer, and synergistically boosts enzyme-mimetic activities across multiple redox pathways. Pt/V₂C demonstrates high catalytic stability over multiple cycles and preserves endogenous defense pathways without inducing cytotoxicity. Under oxidative stress, the nanocatalyst protects mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing reactive species-induced cell damage and restoring adhesion, proliferation, and migratory capacity while simultaneously promoting osteogenic differentiation. This study establishes a robust strategy for electronic-structure engineering of vanadium-based MXene biocatalysts and highlights their potential as high-performance platforms for stem cell protection and redox microenvironment regulation.