Demonstrates immune resistance mechanisms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, suggesting novel treatment approaches.
SLC16A3-induced lactate reprogramming drives immune resistance in ccRCC via two converging mechanisms: extracellular lactate-mediated immunosuppression through M2 macrophage polarization and an autocrine GPR81-ERK-c-MYC glycolytic feedback loop. These findings highlight MCT4 blockade combined with immune checkpoint inhibition as a rational strategy to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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