As a core decarbonization technology, the scaling up of Near-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) technologies under the “dual carbon” goal necessitates collaboration among governments, technology suppliers, and construction enterprises. However, high research and development (R while a policy-driven ESS (1, 1, 1) requires government subsidies (S) to offset R&D gaps, specifically when S>Cr/α−Pmz. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the synergistic mechanisms underlying NZEB adoption and highlight the dynamic interplay between policy incentives and market forces.
Xue et al. (2026) studied this question.