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The aim is to analyze how British rule transformed Baghdad's urban landscape and its historical monuments during the early twentieth century.

Ghosts of the gates of Baghdad: Monuments, colonialism and spatial transformation in early twentieth-century Iraq

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The aim is to analyze how British rule transformed Baghdad's urban landscape and its historical monuments during the early twentieth century.
Examined historical images and archival sources related to Baghdad's monuments.
Explored the fate of Seljuk-era city gates from the British entry in WWI to 1936.
Discussed the colonial strategies impacting urban spaces for military and administrative use.
By 1936, only one of the four monumental gates remained, reflecting significant urban changes.
The transformation disrupted traditional practices, contrasting colonial rhetoric with the experiences of occupation.
The article highlights the appropriation of antiquity and its influence on social dynamics in Baghdad.

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This article uncovers the impact of British colonialism on Baghdad's monuments and social dynamics, highlighting the transformations in urban spaces.

Zainab Bahrani (2025) studied this question.

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This article uncovers the impact of British colonialism on Baghdad's monuments and social dynamics, highlighting the transformations in urban spaces.