Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation versus cryoballoon ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Figures

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  Fig. 1. PRISMA flow chart of the screening process

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  Fig. 2. Quality assessment of risk of bias in the included trials. The upper panel presents a schematic representation of risks (low = green, unclear = yellow, and high = red) for specific types of biases of each study in the review. The lower panel presents risks (low = green, unclear = yellow, and high = red) for the subtypes of biases of the combination of studies included in this review

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  Fig. 3. Forest plot of the primary outcomes A atrial fibrillation recurrence, B atrial tachycardia/atrial flutter recurrence, C Any arrhythmia recurrence. RR: risk ratio, CI: confidence interval

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  Fig. 4. Forest plots of the secondary procedural outcomes A total procedure time, B fluoroscopy time, RR: risk ratio, CI: confidence interval

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  Fig. 5. Forest plots of the safety outcomes, RR: risk ratio, CI: confidence interval