The presence of erythematous candidiasis was not related to advanced HIV disease. Pseudo-membranous candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and mucosal ulceration were significantly associated with advanced HIV disease. Smoking was also identified as a strong aetiological factor in oral diseases. Longitudinal studies are required to further explore the prognostic significance of oral diseases in HIV infection.
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Palmer et al. (1996) studied this question.
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