Plant Natural Products and Their Pharmacological Action Against Protozoans, Nematodes and Cestodes: A Review

This review article examines the potential of plant-derived remedies against protozoans, nematodes, and cestodes. Natural products from plants demonstrate the capability to eliminate parasites and decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of their hosts. These parasites pose a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals, in addition to causing substantial economic losses. To combat these harmful parasites, Garlic (Allium sativum) is known to contain sulfur-containing compounds such as allicin, while flavonoid glycosides found in C. viscose, aloe-emodin from Aloe vera, and azadirachtin from Neem Azedarach indica are commonly utilized in traditional medicine. Toddalia asiatica is rich in coumarins and alkaloids that exhibit potent anti-parasitic properties, and Curcumin, a major polyphenolic active ingredient derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), showcases a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-parasitic activity. In addition to the aforementioned components, plant latex, gums, and various other natural products have also demonstrated antiparasitic effects. This plant-based approach is extensively employed in the management of intestinal parasites and cellular protozoans.