Prognostic Value of Deep Learning PET/CT-Based Radiomics: Potential Role for Future Individual Induction Chemotherapy in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the value of deep learning on positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT)-based radiomics for individual induction chemotherapy (IC) in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: = 237). Harrell's concordance indices (C-index) and time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied to evaluate the discriminatory ability of radiomics nomogram, and compare radiomics signatures with plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. High-risk patients could benefit from IC while the low-risk could not. Moreover, radiomics nomogram performed significantly better than the EBV DNA-based model (C-index: 0.754 vs. 0.675 in the training set and 0.722 vs. 0.671 in the test set) in risk stratification and guiding IC. CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning PET/CT-based radiomics could serve as a reliable and powerful tool for prognosis prediction and may act as a potential indicator for individual IC in advanced NPC.