Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging detects disease progression in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation

Figures

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  DE-MRI fibrosis maps of (A) control subject (B), lone MR patient (C), MR + AF patient.

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  Figure 1. 3D LA fibrosis maps of (A) control subjects, (B) patients with lone MR, and (C) patients with MR + AF. Healthy tissue is depicted in red, and DE-MRI enhancement is depicted in blue, white, and yellow. Right (R) and left (L) pulmonary veins (PVs) labeled accordingly. LPV, Left pulmonary vein; LA, left atrial; RPV, right pulmonary vein; 3D, 3-dimensional; MR, mitral regurgitation; AF, atrial fibrillation.

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  Figure 2. Map of the LA regions. The left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) defined summation of the regional enhancement percentage and wall volume of the posterior wall (orange), right (R, blue) and left (L, purple) pulmonary vein (PVs) labeled accordingly. LA, Left atrial; RPV, right pulmonary vein.

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  Figure 3. Total LA volume indexed between control patients, patients with lone MR, and patients with MR + AF. In the box and whiskers plot, the lower and upper borders of the box represent the lower and upper quartiles (25th percentile and 75th percentile). The middle horizontal line represents the median and the lower and upper whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values of nonoutliers. Extra dots represent outliers. MR, Mitral regurgitation; AF, atrial fibrillation; LA, left atrial.

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  Figure 4. A, Total LA wall enhancement and B, total left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) enhancement. In the box and whiskers plot, the lower and upper borders of the box represent the lower and upper quartiles (25th percentile and 75th percentile). The middle horizontal line represents the median and the lower and upper whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values of nonoutliers. Extra dots represent outliers. LA, Left atrial; MR, mitral regurgitation; AF, atrial fibrillation.

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  Figure 5. Study methods, results, and implications. LPV, Left pulmonary vein; LA, left atrial; RPV, right pulmonary vein; MR, mitral regurgitation; AF, atrial fibrillation; DE-MRI, delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging.

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  Figure E1. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram. Study enrollment. DE-MRI, Delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging; MR, mitral regurgitation; AF, atrial fibrillation.

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  Figure E2. A, Correlation between indexed LA cavitary volume and total LA wall enhancement and B, correlation between LA volume and left atrial posterior wall (LAPW). LA, Left atrial.