The average X-ray spectrum of the volume-complete M-, F-, G-, and K-type star sample within 10 pc of the Sun

April 19, 2026

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To derive a distance-normalised average X-ray spectrum for M dwarfs and F, G, K stars within 10 pc of the Sun.
Analyzed a volume-complete sample of M dwarfs and F, G, K stars within 10 pc using data from the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission.
Normalized individual X-ray spectra by exposure and distance before stacking to produce average spectra.
Derived characteristic X-ray luminosities to estimate contributions to the soft X-ray emission.
Average X-ray luminosity of 2.6 erg/s for M-type stars, and 15 erg/s for F-, G-, and K-type stars in the 0.2--2.0 keV range.
Characteristics of the 10-pc average spectra could be well described by three and two thermal models.
Early-M stars are less luminous on average than mid-to-late-M types.

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Analysis reveals average X-ray luminosities of M and F, G, K stars, indicating their role in the Milky Way's diffuse X-ray emission.

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Zheng et al. (2026) studied this question.

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