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The study aims to introduce a framework to understand locomotion efficiency across different systems.

April 29, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Phase Cost as a Structural Condition

Key Points

The study aims to introduce a framework to understand locomotion efficiency across different systems.
Introduces Multi-layer Integrated Control Theory (MICT) as a framework.
Computes phase cost index across various locomoting systems.
Analyzes data from aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial domains.
Identifies consistent structural patterns in locomotion efficiency.
Showcases data points from diverse locomoting systems, including albatrosses.
Finds that existing frameworks do not fully explain the results observed.

Abstract

I've uploaded a new preprint: "Phase Cost as a Structural Condition: A Cross-Modal Framework for Locomotion Efficiency in Natural and Artificial Systems." This paper introduces Multi-layer Integrated Control Theory (MICT), a structural framework describing how locomoting systems — from soaring albatrosses to engineered aircraft — relate to the external forces acting on them. The central index, κ' (phase cost), estimates the degree to which a given dynamic utilizes external vectors as a resource rather than opposing them. Computed across seventeen data points spanning aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial domains, the results show consistent structural patterns that existing biomechanical and fluid-dynamic frameworks do not directly address. This is a preprint and may be submitted for peer review. Related updates may be available at: patreon.com/NMStructuralTheoryLab

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